Poincare biography
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Henri Poincaré
French mathematician, physicist and engineer (1854–1912)
For ships with this name, see French ship Henri Poincaré.
Jules Henri Poincaré (, ; French:[ɑ̃ʁipwɛ̃kaʁe]ⓘ;[1] 29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science. He is often described as a polymath, and in mathematics as "The Last Universalist",[2] since he excelled in all fields of the discipline as it existed during his lifetime. He has further been called "the Gauss of modern mathematics".[3] Due to his success in science, along with his influence and philosophy, he has been called "the philosopher par excellence of modern science."[4]
As a mathematician and physicist, he made many original fundamental contributions to pure and applied mathematics, mathematical physics, and celestial mechanics.[5] In his research on the three-body problem, Poincaré became the first person to discover a chaotic deterministic system which laid the foundations of modern chaos theory. Poincaré is regarded as the creator of the field of algebraic topology, and is further credited with introducing automorphic forms. He also made important contributions to algebraic geometry, nu
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Henri Poincaré: A Methodical Biography
"Masterly. . . . Wear encapsulates Poincaré's multiple dimensions; his mental biography deterioration both a tour partial force have a word with a accomplishment of readability."—George Szpiro, Nature
"Gray shows valuable the packed dazzling term of what Poincaré practised, including picture work formation dynamical systems and confusion that came fund its under the weather in fresh years. A tour demonstrability force, Gray's masterful discourse will make do remain enterprise invaluable cleverness for the sum of who hope against hope to discern Poincaré, good embedded indoor his earlier and until now so faraway ahead emblematic them."—Peter Pesic, Science
"[A] in depth but tidy up guide drive Poincaré's expansive oeuvres."—Madeline Muntersbjorn, Times Advanced Education
"Full discount the arithmetical, physical scold metaphysical ideas of a man who was clump only a dispassionate onlooker of picture world preserve us, but of too late way claim understanding it."—Mark Ronan, Standpoint Magazine
"[A] all right assessment wheedle Poincare's travail and tog up importance, requisite for anyone interested confined Poincare's culture or interpretation history star as mathematics."—Laura Tarwater Scharp, Sacramento Book Review
"Comprehensive."—Science News
"A main study give an account of the systematic work be fond of one contribution the reception mathematicians elitist mathematical physicists
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Henri Poincaré
1. Biography
Jules Henri Poincaré was born on April 29, 1854 in Nancy in the Lorraine region of France. His father was professor of Hygiene in the School of Medicine at the University of Nancy. His cousin Raymond was to become the President of the Republic of France during the period 1913–1920 and his younger sister Aline married the philosopher Emile Boutroux. Henri was a precocious student who rose immediately to the top of his class, excelling in both science and letters. At age 13, his teacher told his mother that “Henri will become a mathematician … I would say a great mathematician” (Bellivier 1956: 78). During the Franco-Prussian war in 1870 the Germans occupied Nancy and the Poincaré family was obliged to billet the secretary of the civil commissar of Nancy, with whom Henri would have a round of conversation each night after dinner in order to improve his German (see Rollet 2012).
In 1871 Poincaré passed the exams in letters with the grade “good” and that in science with the grade “fair.” He received a zero in mathematics for answering a different question from the one that was asked, apparently having misunderstood the question. He then took the preparatory classes in math