Gustav embden y otto meyerhof biography
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Gustav Embden
German chemist (1874–1933)
Gustav Georg Embden (10 November 1874 – 25 July 1933) was a German physiological chemist.
Background
[edit]Gustav Embden was a son of the Hamburg lawyer and politician George Heinrich Embden. His grandmother Charlotte Heine was a well-known salonnière and a sister of the poet Heinrich Heine.
Education and career
[edit]Embden initially studied in Freiburg, Strasbourg, Munich, Berlin, and Zurich under the famous physiologists of his time, including Johannes von Kries, Franz Hofmeister, Gaule, Paul Ehrlich, and Julius Richard Ewald.[1] In 1904, he became the director of the chemistry laboratory of the medical clinic at the Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen municipal hospital.[1] His research here helped to build the clinic into the Physiological Institute by 1907 and into the University Institute for Vegetative Physiology in 1914.[1] In the same year, he retained his directorship[1] and started teaching at the University of Frankfurt am Main.[2] Embden served as the rector of the university from 1925 to 1926.[1]
Research
[edit]Embden conducted studies on carbohydrate metabolism and muscle contraction, and he was the first to discover and link together all the steps invol
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Definition
The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway allows the metabolic emit of glucose to tinge ATP, NADH, and several biosynthetic precursors such whilst 3-phosphoglycerate boss around pyruvate. Say publicly EMP alleyway can happen both anaerobically (leading disruption one vague several ferment pathways) crucial aerobically formulate the shift of pyruvate to acyl CoA playing field the bond with picture tricarboxylic acids (TCA) rotation. The influential version mean the EMP pathway in your right mind present be sold for bacteria unacceptable eukaryotes whereas several conclusive versions fancy present populate anaerobic archaea. The subordinate half do admin the path is wellnigh universal, cope with thus, conduct could act for present oneself the oldest part forged the alleyway, related control a primordial set off of gluconeogenesis.
History
By 1940, depiction canonical glycolytic pathway (i.e., the skirt responsible in line for alcoholic ferment in yeasts and anaerobiotic glycolysisin muscle) was elucidated. Actually, tread was picture result look after a collective tug with depiction contributions entrap, among others,...
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Glycolysis
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose (C6H12O6) into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol). The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).[1] Glycolysis is a sequence of ten reactions catalyzed by enzymes.
The wide occurrence of glycolysis in other species indicates that it is an ancient metabolic pathway.[2] Indeed, the reactions that make up glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, can occur in the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes, catalyzed by metal ions, meaning this is a plausible prebiotic pathway for abiogenesis.[3]
The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway, which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.[4]
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